A network is basically all of the components (hardware and software) involved in connecting computers across small and large distances. Networks are used to provide easy access to information, thus increasing productivity for users. This section covers some of the components involved with networking, as well as the basic types of topologies used to connect networking devices, including computers.
Components
One of the main components of networking is applications, which
enable users to perform various tasks. Many applications are network-aware. These applications allow you to access and use resources that are not located on your local computer. Some of the more common networking applications include e-mail (sending mail electronically), FTP (transferring files), andWWW(providing a graphical representation to information).
The number of networking applications ranges in the thousands, but those listed are the most commonly used.
To build a network, you need three types of devices or components: computers, networking devices, and cabling. Computers—devices such as PCs and file servers running Microsoft Windows, Macintosh OS, Unix (including Linux), or other operating systems—are responsible for providing applications to the users. Networking devices—such as hubs, bridges, switches, routers, firewalls, modems, NT1s (an ISDN network termination device), and channel service units / data service units (CSU/DSUs)—are responsible for moving information between computers.. Cabling, such as copper or fiber cabling, is needed to connect the computers and networking devices so that information can be shared between components.Wireless communication also falls in this category.
Locations
Network components can be located in various locations. Table 1-1 shows some
common terms used to describe the location of network components.
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