The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a standard that includes many protocols. It defines how machines on an internetwork can communicate with each other. It was initially funded by and developed for DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Protects Agency), which is a conglomeration of U.S. military and government organizations. Developed initially for the government, it was later made available to the public, mainly seen on Unix systems. First specified in RFC 791, it has become the defacto standard for networking protocols. The Internet uses TCP/IP to carry data between
networks, and most corporations today use TCP/IP for their networks. This chapter will provide an overview of TCP/IP, including some of its more important protocols, as well as IP addressing.
To help articulate how data is moved between devices running TCP/IP, a model was developed that resembles the OSI Reference Model was we discussed. Table 3-1 compares the two models. The following sections will cover the layers of the TCP/IP Protocol stack.
Application Layer
One main difference between the OSI Reference Model and TCP/IP’s model is that TCP/IP lumps together the application, presentation and session layers into one layer, called the application layer. Here are some common TCP/IP applications Cisco devices support: DNS, HTTP, SNMP, telnet, and TFTP.
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